方式一：自己编写实现ping功能
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- encoding = utf-8 -*-
# 优点：全部通过python3自带库实现，无需安装任何第三方依赖库
# 缺点：需要root权限
# 用法：sudo python3 ping.py <host>
import time
import struct
import socket
import select
import sys
def chesksum(data):
"""
校验
"""
n = len(data)
m = n % 2
sum = 0
for i in range(0, n - m ,2):
sum += (data[i]) + ((data[i+1]) << 8)#传入data以每两个字节（十六进制）通过ord转十进制，第一字节在低位，第二个字节在高位
if m:
sum += (data[-1])
#将高于16位与低16位相加
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff)
sum += (sum >> 16) #如果还有高于16位，将继续与低16位相加
answer = ~sum & 0xffff
#主机字节序转网络字节序列（参考小端序转大端序）
answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)
return answer
'''
连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
'''
def raw_socket(dst_addr,imcp_packet):
rawsocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))
send_request_ping_time = time.time()
#send data to the socket
rawsocket.sendto(imcp_packet,(dst_addr,80))
return send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,dst_addr
'''
request ping
'''
def request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body):
#把字节打包成二进制数据
imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
icmp_chesksum = chesksum(imcp_packet)#获取校验和
imcp_packet = struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,icmp_chesksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
return imcp_packet
'''
reply ping
'''
def reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence,timeout = 2):
while True:
started_select = time.time()
what_ready = select.select([rawsocket], [], [], timeout)
wait_for_time = (time.time() - started_select)
if what_ready[0] == []: # Timeout
return -1
time_received = time.time()
received_packet, addr = rawsocket.recvfrom(1024)
icmpHeader = received_packet[20:28]
type, code, checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack(
">BBHHH", icmpHeader
)
if type == 0 and sequence == data_Sequence:
return time_received - send_request_ping_time
timeout = timeout - wait_for_time
if timeout <= 0:
return -1
'''
实现 ping 主机/ip
'''
def ping(host):
data_type = 8 # ICMP Echo Request
data_code = 0 # must be zero
data_checksum = 0 # "...with value 0 substituted for this field..."
data_ID = 0 #Identifier
data_Sequence = 1 #Sequence number
payload_body = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi' #data
dst_addr = socket.gethostbyname(host)#将主机名转ipv4地址格式，返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串，如果主机名称是ipv4地址，则它将保持不变
print("正在 Ping {0} [{1}] 具有 32 字节的数据:".format(host,dst_addr))
for i in range(0,4):
icmp_packet = request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence + i,payload_body)
send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,addr = raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet)
times = reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence + i)
if times > 0:
print("来自 {0} 的回复: 字节=32 时间={1}ms".format(addr,int(times*1000)))
time.sleep(0.7)
else:
print("请求超时。")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit('Usage: ping.py <host>')
ping(sys.argv[1])
方式二：通过更为强大的scapy库实现
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- encoding = utf-8 -*-
# sudo apt install python3-scapy
# 调用scapy库实现ping功能
# 优点：几乎没有
# 缺点：需要root权限
from scapy.layers.inet import IP, ICMP
from scapy.packet import Raw
from scapy.sendrecv import sr1
import logging
logging.getLogger("scapy.runtime").setLevel(logging.ERROR) # 清除报错信息
def ping_one(dst): # 构建函数
ping_pkt = IP(dst=dst)/ICMP() / b'welcome!' # 构建数据包，目的地址为dst，数据部分为字节字符串welcome！
ping_result = sr1(ping_pkt, timeout=2, verbose=False) # 发送数据包并将返回结构赋值到ping_result中
try:
if ping_result.getlayer(IP).fields['src'] == dst and ping_result.getlayer(ICMP).fields['type'] == 0 \
and ping_result.getlayer(Raw).fields['load'] == b'welcome!':
# 判断返回数据包是否为reply，通过源地址，返回数据与返回类型进行判断
return dst, 1 # 如果为返回数据包，函数返回输入的目的地址与1
else:
return dst, 2 # 如果不是返回数据包，则函数2
except Exception: # 如果无法ping通，则不会有返回结果，会出现报错，如果产生报错，直接返回dst与2
return dst, 2
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
while True:
dst = input('请输入目的IP地址:')
if dst == '':
print('目的地址为空，请重新输入！')
else:
break
result = ping_one(dst)
if result[-1] == 1:
print('目的', result[0], '可达！')
else:
print('目的', result[0], '不可达！')
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('成功接收信号，退户程序！')
方式三：使用tcping实现
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- encoding = utf-8 -*-
# 优点：无需root权限
# 缺点：需要安装依赖tcping，仅能通过tcp实现ping，必须指定端口
# python3 -m pip install tcping
# https://pypi.org/project/tcping/
from tcping import Ping
# ping_check(地址，端口，超时秒数，ping次数）
def ping_check(address,port,timeout,times):
ping = Ping(address, port, timeout)
ping.ping(times) #ping 4 次
statistics = ping.result.rows
# statistics = [Statistics(host='192.168.1.1', port='80', successed=4, failed=0, success_rate='100.00%', minimum='0.09ms', maximum='0.25ms', average='0.14ms')]
print(statistics[0])
ret = ping.result.raw
print(ret)
ret = ping.result.table
print(ret)
#从返回的statistics元组中获得成功次数和平均延迟
successed = statistics[0][2]
# 返回状态及平均延迟
if successed > 0:
return True, statistics[0][-1]
else:
return False, statistics[0][-1]
if __name__ == '__main__':
i = input("请输入要Ping的地址和端口（例：192.168.1.1:80）：")
addr = i.split(":")
ping_result = ping_check(addr[0],addr[1],5,4)
print(ping_result)